Nature Medicine, Published online: 12 February 2026; doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04152-1 PD-1 blockade reprograms both innate and adaptive immunity in people living with HIV and cancer, inducing interferon-driven antiviral responses that reduce the HIV reservoir. A pre-existing type I interferon signature predicts reservoir decline, whereas high TGFΞ² signaling opposes it, defining immune states that influence the outcome of PD-1 therapy.
Nature Medicine, Published online: 12 February 2026;
doi:10.1038/s41591-025-04152-1
PD-1 blockade reprograms both innate and adaptive immunity in people living with HIV and cancer, inducing interferon-driven antiviral responses that reduce the HIV reservoir. A pre-existing type I interferon signature predicts reservoir decline, whereas high TGFΞ² signaling opposes it, defining immune states that influence the outcome of PD-1 therapy.
β Source: Nature Medicine (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-025-04152-1)